| Index Entry | Section |
|---|
|
| E | | |
|---|
| EBCDIC | 12.2.6 Translating Between Characters and Numbers |
| egrep utility | 2.4 Using Character Lists |
| egrep utility | 13.2.2 Searching for Regular Expressions in Files |
| egrep.awk program | 13.2.2 Searching for Regular Expressions in Files |
| elements in arrays | 7.2 Referring to an Array Element |
| elements in arrays, assigning | 7.3 Assigning Array Elements |
| elements in arrays, deleting | 7.6 The delete Statement |
| elements in arrays, order of | 7.5 Scanning All Elements of an Array |
| elements in arrays, scanning | 7.5 Scanning All Elements of an Array |
| email address for bug reports, bug-gawk@gnu.org | B.5 Reporting Problems and Bugs |
| EMISTERED | 10.3 Using gawk for Network Programming |
| empty pattern | 6.1.5 The Empty Pattern |
| empty strings, See null strings | 3.5.1 Using Regular Expressions to Separate Fields |
| END pattern | 6.1.4 The BEGIN and END Special Patterns |
| END pattern, assert user-defined function and | 12.2.3 Assertions |
| END pattern, backslash continuation and | 13.2.2 Searching for Regular Expressions in Files |
| END pattern, Boolean patterns and | 6.1.2 Expressions as Patterns |
| END pattern, exit statement and | 6.4.10 The exit Statement |
| END pattern, next/nextfile statements and | 6.1.4.2 Input/Output from BEGIN and END Rules |
| END pattern, next/nextfile statements and | 6.4.8 The next Statement |
| END pattern, operators and | 6.1.4.1 Startup and Cleanup Actions |
| END pattern, pgawk program | 10.5 Profiling Your awk Programs |
| END pattern, print statement and | 6.1.4.2 Input/Output from BEGIN and END Rules |
| endfile user-defined function | 12.3.1 Noting Data File Boundaries |
| endgrent function (C library) | 12.6 Reading the Group Database |
| endgrent user-defined function | 12.6 Reading the Group Database |
| endpwent function (C library) | 12.5 Reading the User Database |
| endpwent user-defined function | 12.5 Reading the User Database |
| ENVIRON variable | 6.5.2 Built-in Variables That Convey Information |
| ENVIRON variable | C.3.1 A Minimal Introduction to gawk Internals |
| environment variables | 6.5.2 Built-in Variables That Convey Information |
| epoch, definition of | Glossary |
| equals sign (=), = operator | 5.7 Assignment Expressions |
| equals sign (=), == operator | 5.10.2 Comparison Operators |
| equals sign (=), == operator | 5.14 Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest) |
| EREs (Extended Regular Expressions) | 2.4 Using Character Lists |
| ERRNO variable | 3.8 Explicit Input with getline |
| ERRNO variable | 6.5.2 Built-in Variables That Convey Information |
| ERRNO variable | C.3.1 A Minimal Introduction to gawk Internals |
| ERRNO variable | C.3.1 A Minimal Introduction to gawk Internals |
| error handling | 4.7.1 Special Files for Standard Descriptors |
| error handling, ERRNO variable and | 6.5.2 Built-in Variables That Convey Information |
| error output | 4.7.1 Special Files for Standard Descriptors |
| escape processing, gsub/gensub/sub functions | 8.1.3.1 More About `\' and `&' with sub, gsub, and gensub |
| escape sequences | 2.2 Escape Sequences |
| escape sequences, unrecognized | 11.2 Command-Line Options |
| evaluation order | Advanced Notes: Operator Evaluation Order |
| evaluation order, concatenation | 5.6 String Concatenation |
| evaluation order, functions | 8.1.1 Calling Built-in Functions |
| examining fields | 3.2 Examining Fields |
| exclamation point (!), ! operator | 5.11 Boolean Expressions |
| exclamation point (!), ! operator | 5.14 Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest) |
| exclamation point (!), ! operator | 13.2.2 Searching for Regular Expressions in Files |
| exclamation point (!), != operator | 5.10.2 Comparison Operators |
| exclamation point (!), != operator | 5.14 Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest) |
| exclamation point (!), !~ operator | 2.1 How to Use Regular Expressions |
| exclamation point (!), !~ operator | 2.6 Case Sensitivity in Matching |
| exclamation point (!), !~ operator | 2.8 Using Dynamic Regexps |
| exclamation point (!), !~ operator | 5.1.3 Regular Expression Constants |
| exclamation point (!), !~ operator | 5.10.2 Comparison Operators |
| exclamation point (!), !~ operator | 5.10.2 Comparison Operators |
| exclamation point (!), !~ operator | 5.14 Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest) |
| exclamation point (!), !~ operator | 6.1.2 Expressions as Patterns |
| exit statement | 6.4.10 The exit Statement |
| exp function | 8.1.2 Numeric Functions |
| expand utility | 1.3 Some Simple Examples |
| expressions | 5. Expressions |
| expressions, as patterns | 6.1.2 Expressions as Patterns |
| expressions, assignment | 5.7 Assignment Expressions |
| expressions, Boolean | 5.11 Boolean Expressions |
| expressions, comparison | 5.10 Variable Typing and Comparison Expressions |
| expressions, conditional | 5.12 Conditional Expressions |
| expressions, matching, See comparison expressions | 5.10 Variable Typing and Comparison Expressions |
| expressions, selecting | 5.12 Conditional Expressions |
| Extended Regular Expressions (EREs) | 2.4 Using Character Lists |
| extension function (gawk) | C.3.2.3 Integrating the Extensions |
| extensions, Bell Laboratories awk | A.4 Extensions in the Bell Laboratories awk |
| extensions, in gawk, not in POSIX awk | A.5 Extensions in gawk Not in POSIX awk |
| extensions, mawk | B.6 Other Freely Available awk Implementations |
| extract.awk program | 13.3.7 Extracting Programs from Texinfo Source Files |
| extraction, of marked strings (internationalization) | 9.4.1 Extracting Marked Strings |
|
| F | | |
|---|
| false, logical | 5.9 True and False in awk |
| FDL (Free Documentation License) | GNU Free Documentation License |
| features, adding to gawk | C.2.1 Adding New Features |
| features, advanced, See advanced features | 11.5 Obsolete Options and/or Features |
| features, deprecated | 11.5 Obsolete Options and/or Features |
| features, undocumented | 11.6 Undocumented Options and Features |
| Fenlason, Jay | History of awk and gawk |
| Fenlason, Jay | A.6 Major Contributors to gawk |
| fflush function | 8.1.4 Input/Output Functions |
| fflush function, unsupported | 11.2 Command-Line Options |
| field numbers | 3.3 Nonconstant Field Numbers |
| field operator $ | 3.2 Examining Fields |
| field operators, dollar sign as | 3.2 Examining Fields |
| field separators | 3.5 Specifying How Fields Are Separated |
| field separators | 6.5.1 Built-in Variables That Control awk |
| field separators | 6.5.1 Built-in Variables That Control awk |
| field separators, choice of | 3.5 Specifying How Fields Are Separated |
| field separators, FIELDWIDTHS variable and | 6.5.1 Built-in Variables That Control awk |
| field separators, in multiline records | 3.7 Multiple-Line Records |
| field separators, on command line | 3.5.3 Setting FS from the Command Line |
| field separators, POSIX and | 3.2 Examining Fields |
| field separators, POSIX and | Advanced Notes: Changing FS Does Not Affect the Fields |
| field separators, regular expressions as | 3.5 Specifying How Fields Are Separated |
| field separators, regular expressions as | 3.5.1 Using Regular Expressions to Separate Fields |
| field separators, See Also OFS | 3.4 Changing the Contents of a Field |
| field separators, spaces as | 13.2.1 Cutting out Fields and Columns |
| fields | 3. Reading Input Files |
| fields | 3.2 Examining Fields |
| fields | D.1 What a Program Does |
| fields, adding | 3.4 Changing the Contents of a Field |
| fields, changing contents of | 3.4 Changing the Contents of a Field |
| fields, cutting | 13.2.1 Cutting out Fields and Columns |
| fields, examining | 3.2 Examining Fields |
| fields, number of | 3.2 Examining Fields |
| fields, numbers | 3.3 Nonconstant Field Numbers |
| fields, printing | 4.2 Examples of print Statements |
| fields, separating | 3.5 Specifying How Fields Are Separated |
| fields, separating | 3.5 Specifying How Fields Are Separated |
| fields, single-character | 3.5.2 Making Each Character a Separate Field |
| FIELDWIDTHS variable | 3.6 Reading Fixed-Width Data |
| FIELDWIDTHS variable | 6.5.1 Built-in Variables That Control awk |
| file descriptors | 4.7.1 Special Files for Standard Descriptors |
| file names, distinguishing | 6.5.2 Built-in Variables That Convey Information |
| file names, in compatibility mode | 4.7.4 Special File Name Caveats |
| file names, standard streams in gawk | 4.7.1 Special Files for Standard Descriptors |
| FILENAME variable | 3. Reading Input Files |
| FILENAME variable | 6.5.2 Built-in Variables That Convey Information |
| FILENAME variable, getline, setting with | 3.8.9 Points to Remember About getline |
| filenames, assignments as | 12.3.5 Treating Assignments as File Names |
| files, .mo | 9.2 GNU gettext |
| files, .mo, converting from .po | 9.5 A Simple Internationalization Example |
| files, .mo, specifying directory of | 9.2 GNU gettext |
| files, .mo, specifying directory of | 9.3 Internationalizing awk Programs |
| files, .po | 9.2 GNU gettext |
| files, .po | 9.4 Translating awk Programs |
| files, .po, converting to .mo | 9.5 A Simple Internationalization Example |
| files, /dev/… special files | 4.7.1 Special Files for Standard Descriptors |
| files, /inet/ (gawk) | 10.3 Using gawk for Network Programming |
| files, /p (gawk) | 10.4 Using gawk with BSD Portals |
| files, as single records | Advanced Notes: RS = "\0" Is Not Portable |
| files, awk programs in | 1.1.3 Running Long Programs |
| files, awkprof.out | 10.5 Profiling Your awk Programs |
| files, awkvars.out | 11.2 Command-Line Options |
| files, closing | 8.1.4 Input/Output Functions |
| files, descriptors, See file descriptors | 4.7.1 Special Files for Standard Descriptors |
| files, for process information | 4.7.2 Special Files for Process-Related Information |
| files, group | 12.6 Reading the Group Database |
| files, information about, retrieving | C.3.2 Directory and File Operation Built-ins |
| files, initialization and cleanup | 12.3.1 Noting Data File Boundaries |
| files, input, See input files | 1.1.2 Running awk Without Input Files |
| files, log, timestamps in | 8.1.5 Using gawk's Timestamp Functions |
| files, managing | 12.3 Data File Management |
| files, managing, data file boundaries | 12.3.1 Noting Data File Boundaries |
| files, message object | 9.2 GNU gettext |
| files, message object, converting from portable object files | 9.5 A Simple Internationalization Example |
| files, message object, specifying directory of | 9.2 GNU gettext |
| files, message object, specifying directory of | 9.3 Internationalizing awk Programs |
| files, multiple passes over | 11.3 Other Command-Line Arguments |
| files, multiple, duplicating output into | 13.2.5 Duplicating Output into Multiple Files |
| files, output, See output files | 4.8 Closing Input and Output Redirections |
| files, password | 12.5 Reading the User Database |
| files, portable object | 9.2 GNU gettext |
| files, portable object | 9.4 Translating awk Programs |
| files, portable object, converting to message object files | 9.5 A Simple Internationalization Example |
| files, portable object, generating | 11.2 Command-Line Options |
| files, portal | 10.4 Using gawk with BSD Portals |
| files, processing, ARGIND variable and | 6.5.2 Built-in Variables That Convey Information |
| files, reading | 12.3.2 Rereading the Current File |
| files, reading, multiline records | 3.7 Multiple-Line Records |
| files, searching for regular expressions | 13.2.2 Searching for Regular Expressions in Files |
| files, skipping | 12.3.3 Checking for Readable Data Files |
| files, source, search path for | 13.3.9 An Easy Way to Use Library Functions |
| files, splitting | 13.2.4 Splitting a Large File into Pieces |
| files, Texinfo, extracting programs from | 13.3.7 Extracting Programs from Texinfo Source Files |
| Fish, Fred | A.6 Major Contributors to gawk |
| Fish, Fred | B.5 Reporting Problems and Bugs |
| fixed-width data | 3.6 Reading Fixed-Width Data |
| flag variables | 5.11 Boolean Expressions |
| flag variables | 13.2.5 Duplicating Output into Multiple Files |
| floating-point | D.3.2 Floating Point Numbers Are Not Abstract Numbers |
| floating-point, numbers | D.2 Data Values in a Computer |
| floating-point, numbers, AWKNUM internal type | C.3.1 A Minimal Introduction to gawk Internals |
| FNR variable | 3.1 How Input Is Split into Records |
| FNR variable | 6.5.2 Built-in Variables That Convey Information |
| FNR variable, changing | Advanced Notes: Changing NR and FNR |
| for statement | 6.4.4 The for Statement |
| for statement, in arrays | 7.5 Scanning All Elements of an Array |
| force_number internal function | C.3.1 A Minimal Introduction to gawk Internals |
| force_string internal function | C.3.1 A Minimal Introduction to gawk Internals |
| format specifiers, mixing regular with positional specifiers | 9.4.2 Rearranging printf Arguments |
| format specifiers, printf statement | 4.5.2 Format-Control Letters |
| format specifiers, strftime function (gawk) | 8.1.5 Using gawk's Timestamp Functions |
| format strings | 4.5.1 Introduction to the printf Statement |
| formats, numeric output | 4.4 Controlling Numeric Output with print |
| formatting output | 4.5 Using printf Statements for Fancier Printing |
| forward slash (/) | 2. Regular Expressions |
| forward slash (/), / operator | 5.14 Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest) |
| forward slash (/), /= operator | 5.7 Assignment Expressions |
| forward slash (/), /= operator | 5.14 Operator Precedence (How Operators Nest) |
| forward slash (/), /= operator, vs. /=…/ regexp constant | Advanced Notes: Syntactic Ambiguities Between `/=' and Regular Expressions |
| forward slash (/), patterns and | 6.1.2 Expressions as Patterns |
| Free Documentation License (FDL) | GNU Free Documentation License |
| Free Software Foundation (FSF) | The GNU Project and This Book |
| Free Software Foundation (FSF) | B.1.1 Getting the gawk Distribution |
| Free Software Foundation (FSF) | Glossary |
| Free Software Foundation (FSF) | Glossary |
| free_temp internal macro | C.3.1 A Minimal Introduction to gawk Internals |
| FreeBSD | Glossary |
| FS variable | 3.5 Specifying How Fields Are Separated |
| FS variable | 6.5.1 Built-in Variables That Control awk |
| FS variable, --field-separator option and | 11.2 Command-Line Options |
| FS variable, as null string | 3.5.2 Making Each Character a Separate Field |
| FS variable, as TAB character | 11.2 Command-Line Options |
| FS variable, changing value of | 3.5 Specifying How Fields Are Separated |
| FS variable, changing value of | 11.7 Known Bugs in gawk |
| FS variable, running awk programs and | 13.2.1 Cutting out Fields and Columns |
| FS variable, setting from command line | 3.5.3 Setting FS from the Command Line |
| FSF (Free Software Foundation) | The GNU Project and This Book |
| FSF (Free Software Foundation) | B.1.1 Getting the gawk Distribution |
| FSF (Free Software Foundation) | Glossary |
| FSF (Free Software Foundation) | Glossary |
| function calls | 5.13 Function Calls |
| functions, arrays as parameters to | 8.2.3 Calling User-Defined Functions |
| functions, built-in | 5.13 Function Calls |
| functions, built-in | 8. Functions |
| functions, built-in, adding to gawk | C.3 Adding New Built-in Functions to gawk |
| functions, built-in, evaluation order | 8.1.1 Calling Built-in Functions |
| functions, defining | 8.2.1 Function Definition Syntax |
| functions, library | 12. A Library of awk Functions |
| functions, library, assertions | 12.2.3 Assertions |
| functions, library, associative arrays and | 12.1 Naming Library Function Global Variables |
| functions, library, C library | 12.4 Processing Command-Line Options |
| functions, library, character values as numbers | 12.2.6 Translating Between Characters and Numbers |
| functions, library, Cliff random numbers | 12.2.5 The Cliff Random Number Generator |
| functions, library, command-line options | 12.4 Processing Command-Line Options |
| functions, library, example program for using | 13.3.9 An Easy Way to Use Library Functions |
| functions, library, group database, reading | 12.6 Reading the Group Database |
| functions, library, managing data files | 12.3 Data File Management |
| functions, library, managing time | 12.2.8 Managing the Time of Day |
| functions, library, merging arrays into strings | 12.2.7 Merging an Array into a String |
| functions, library, nextfile statement | 12.2.1 Implementing nextfile as a Function |
| functions, library, rounding numbers | 12.2.4 Rounding Numbers |
| functions, library, user database, reading | 12.5 Reading the User Database |
| functions, names of | 7. Arrays in awk |
| functions, names of | 8.2.1 Function Definition Syntax |
| functions, recursive | 8.2.1 Function Definition Syntax |
| functions, return values, setting | C.3.1 A Minimal Introduction to gawk Internals |
| functions, string-translation | 8.1.7 Using gawk's String-Translation Functions |
| functions, undefined | 8.2.3 Calling User-Defined Functions |
| functions, user-defined | 8.2 User-Defined Functions |
| functions, user-defined, calling | 8.2.3 Calling User-Defined Functions |
| functions, user-defined, counts | 10.5 Profiling Your awk Programs |
| functions, user-defined, library of | 12. A Library of awk Functions |
| functions, user-defined, next/nextfile statements and | 6.4.8 The next Statement |
| functions, user-defined, next/nextfile statements and | 6.4.9 Using gawk's nextfile Statement |
|